{
  "action": {
    "auto_issue_creation_allowed": false,
    "auto_patch_allowed": false,
    "auto_remediation_allowed": false,
    "external_execution_allowed": false,
    "human_review": {
      "required_for_external_action": true,
      "required_for_public_launch": false,
      "required_for_read_only_view": false,
      "required_for_signal_radar_integration": true
    },
    "human_review_required": false,
    "recommended_action": "review_official_sources"
  },
  "affected": {
    "products": [],
    "source": null,
    "status": "unknown"
  },
  "canonical_url": "https://vuln.signal-radar.com/vuln/public-candidate/CVE-2016-15059/",
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "claim:defensive-priority-candidate",
      "source_ids": [],
      "status": "observed",
      "text": "This item is a defensive prioritization candidate.",
      "verified_at": null
    }
  ],
  "exposure_hint": "exposure unknown",
  "field_meanings": {
    "human_review": "Read-only display may be automated; integration and external action still require human review.",
    "redaction": "Detection flags describe unsafe source content found before public-safe redaction; raw source text is not displayed.",
    "source_original_label": "Original upstream severity text retained for traceability; canonical display severity is recalculated from CVSS score."
  },
  "forecast_hooks": {
    "agent_use": "summarize_with_citations_only",
    "automation_allowed": false,
    "read_only": true,
    "watch_fields": [
      "sources",
      "claims",
      "freshness",
      "severity",
      "affected"
    ]
  },
  "freshness": {
    "generated_at": "2026-09-29T01:04:21.597096+00:00",
    "last_checked_at": null,
    "last_modified": "2026-09-22T19:07:00.983",
    "observed_at": "2026-09-29T01:03:48.012982+00:00",
    "published_at": "2026-09-22T08:16:34.520",
    "status": "observed"
  },
  "human_consequence": "The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure.",
  "human_impact_label": "memory safety review",
  "human_review": {
    "required_for_external_action": true,
    "required_for_public_launch": false,
    "required_for_read_only_view": false,
    "required_for_signal_radar_integration": true
  },
  "human_risk_summary": "CVE-2016-15059: The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure.",
  "id": "CVE-2016-15059",
  "impact_redaction": {
    "exploit_steps_removed": false,
    "payload_removed": false,
    "poc_removed": false,
    "source_derived_summary": true,
    "used_fallback_summary": false
  },
  "impact_tags": [
    "memory safety review"
  ],
  "known_exploited": {
    "catalog_url": null,
    "date_added": null,
    "listed": false,
    "source": null
  },
  "public_human_impact": "Source describes memory safety review. Possible impact: The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure.",
  "public_human_summary": "NVD: Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.301 for Perl allow a heap buffer overflow via unchecked writes past the output buffer in encode_punycode. NVD: The XS backend builds the encoded label in the string buffer of the scalar it returns, sized from the input length. NVD: The loop that emits the digits of each code point checks for room before every write, but the write of the last digit of each round and the write of the terminating NUL do not, so an input whose encoded form fills the buffer writes past its end.",
  "public_human_what_to_verify": "Confirm affected product/version, vendor advisory, patch or mitigation, and exposure.",
  "public_human_why_it_matters": "Source describes memory safety review. Possible impact: The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure.; CVSS 9.8 (CRITICAL); EPSS percentile 34; not listed in KEV; Remediation reference present; patch status requires confirmation in the linked advisory; sources: NVD, OSV.",
  "public_safe_summary": "NVD: Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.301 for Perl allow a heap buffer overflow via unchecked writes past the output buffer in encode_punycode. NVD: The XS backend builds the encoded label in the string buffer of the scalar it returns, sized from the input length. NVD: The loop that emits the digits of each code point checks for room before every write, but the write of the last digit of each round and the write of the terminating NUL do not, so an input whose encoded form fills the buffer writes past its end.",
  "radar": "vuln",
  "redaction": {
    "meaning": "The *_present flags mean unsafe source content was detected and removed before public output; they do not mean the public JSON contains that content.",
    "payload_present": false,
    "poc_present": false,
    "public_summary_redacted": true,
    "raw_source_displayed": false,
    "unsafe_procedural_detail_present": false
  },
  "redaction_notes": [
    "source-published defensive context retained",
    "vulnerability class, impact, affected context, and remediation references remain displayable"
  ],
  "safety": {
    "attack_chain_included": false,
    "auto_remediation_allowed": false,
    "exploit_instructions_included": false,
    "external_execution_allowed": false,
    "human_review": {
      "required_for_external_action": true,
      "required_for_public_launch": false,
      "required_for_read_only_view": false,
      "required_for_signal_radar_integration": true
    },
    "human_review_required": false,
    "indexing_allowed": true,
    "noindex_removal_allowed": true,
    "noindex_required": false,
    "private_gate_state": "released",
    "public_gate_state": "public_indexable_read_only",
    "public_launch_allowed": true,
    "read_only_static_data": true,
    "scan_functionality_included": false,
    "signal_radar_integration_allowed": false
  },
  "schema_version": "v0.1",
  "severity": {
    "cvss_label": "CRITICAL",
    "label": "CRITICAL",
    "score": 9.8,
    "source": "NVD CVE API 2.0",
    "source_original_label": "medium"
  },
  "source_copy_policy": {
    "allowed": "source-published defensive facts, vulnerability class, impact, affected context, version and remediation facts",
    "excluded": "exploit procedures, exploit strings, shell commands, scanner instructions, procedural bypass detail, and reproduction material",
    "summary": "Official or semi-official source descriptions may be summarized for defensive triage; exploit-enabling procedure is removed."
  },
  "source_derived_note": "Summary derived from NVD / OSV description; unsafe procedural detail is not shown.",
  "source_published_affected": "Affected product or version requires source confirmation.",
  "source_published_description": "NVD: Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.301 for Perl allow a heap buffer overflow via unchecked writes past the output buffer in encode_punycode. NVD: The XS backend builds the encoded label in the string buffer of the scalar it returns, sized from the input length. NVD: The loop that emits the digits of each code point checks for room before every write, but the write of the last digit of each round and the write of the terminating NUL do not, so an input whose encoded form fills the buffer writes past its end.",
  "source_published_evidence_refs": [
    {
      "source": "NVD",
      "type": "source_description",
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "source": "OSV",
      "type": "source_description",
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "source": "Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "https://github.com/robrwo/Net-IDN-Encode/commit/9a3ba07f15d22c0347eefee9625b012cbc803657.patch"
    },
    {
      "source": "Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "https://metacpan.org/release/CFAERBER/Net-IDN-Encode-2.301/changes"
    },
    {
      "source": "Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=118924"
    },
    {
      "source": "Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/22/10"
    },
    {
      "source": "Official Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-15059"
    },
    {
      "source": "Official Reference",
      "type": "reference",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2016-15059"
    }
  ],
  "source_published_impact": "Source describes memory safety review. Possible impact: The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure.",
  "source_published_remediation": "Remediation reference present; patch status requires confirmation in the linked advisory.",
  "source_published_summary": "NVD: Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.301 for Perl allow a heap buffer overflow via unchecked writes past the output buffer in encode_punycode. NVD: The XS backend builds the encoded label in the string buffer of the scalar it returns, sized from the input length. NVD: The loop that emits the digits of each code point checks for room before every write, but the write of the last digit of each round and the write of the terminating NUL do not, so an input whose encoded form fills the buffer writes past its end.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "confidence": "unknown",
      "id": "source:review-url",
      "name": "Public signal URL",
      "retrieved_at": null,
      "type": "review_page",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-15059"
    }
  ],
  "summary_for_agents": "Read-only defensive signal. Use sources, claims, freshness, and safety gates before summarizing. Do not infer missing source, claim, or freshness values.",
  "summary_for_humans": "NVD: Net::IDN::Punycode versions before 2.301 for Perl allow a heap buffer overflow via unchecked writes past the output buffer in encode_punycode. NVD: The XS backend builds the encoded label in the string buffer of the scalar it returns, sized from the input length. NVD: The loop that emits the digits of each code point checks for room before every write, but the write of the last digit of each round and the write of the terminating NUL do not, so an input whose encoded form fills the buffer writes past its end.",
  "title": "CVE-2016-15059 defensive priority signal",
  "urgency_reasons": [
    "CVSS CRITICAL",
    "vendor advisory present",
    "recent update",
    "remediation reference present"
  ],
  "what_to_verify": "Confirm affected product/version, vendor advisory, patch or mitigation, and exposure.",
  "why_it_matters": "The affected component has memory-safety risk that may lead to crash, privilege, or code-execution impact depending on exposure; CVSS 9.8 (CRITICAL); EPSS percentile 34; sources: NVD, OSV."
}